Biostat 203B Homework 3

Due Feb 23 @ 11:59PM

Display machine information for reproducibility:

sessionInfo()

R version 4.2.2 (2022-10-31)
Platform: aarch64-apple-darwin20 (64-bit)
Running under: macOS 14.2.1

Matrix products: default
BLAS:   /Library/Frameworks/R.framework/Versions/4.2-arm64/Resources/lib/libRblas.0.dylib
LAPACK: /Library/Frameworks/R.framework/Versions/4.2-arm64/Resources/lib/libRlapack.dylib

locale:
[1] en_US.UTF-8/en_US.UTF-8/en_US.UTF-8/C/en_US.UTF-8/en_US.UTF-8

attached base packages:
[1] stats     graphics  grDevices utils     datasets  methods   base     

loaded via a namespace (and not attached):
 [1] htmlwidgets_1.6.4 compiler_4.2.2    fastmap_1.1.1     cli_3.6.1        
 [5] tools_4.2.2       htmltools_0.5.7   rstudioapi_0.14   yaml_2.3.7       
 [9] rmarkdown_2.20    knitr_1.42        jsonlite_1.8.4    xfun_0.41        
[13] digest_0.6.31     rlang_1.1.0       evaluate_0.20    

Load necessary libraries (you can add more as needed).

library(arrow)

Warning: package 'arrow' was built under R version 4.2.3

Attaching package: 'arrow'

The following object is masked from 'package:utils':

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library(memuse)
library(pryr)
library(R.utils)

Warning: package 'R.utils' was built under R version 4.2.3

Loading required package: R.oo

Loading required package: R.methodsS3

R.methodsS3 v1.8.2 (2022-06-13 22:00:14 UTC) successfully loaded. See ?R.methodsS3 for help.

R.oo v1.25.0 (2022-06-12 02:20:02 UTC) successfully loaded. See ?R.oo for help.

Attaching package: 'R.oo'

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Attaching package: 'R.utils'

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library(tidyverse)

── Attaching core tidyverse packages ──────────────────────── tidyverse 2.0.0 ──
✔ dplyr     1.1.2     ✔ readr     2.1.4
✔ forcats   1.0.0     ✔ stringr   1.5.0
✔ ggplot2   3.4.4     ✔ tibble    3.2.1
✔ lubridate 1.9.2     ✔ tidyr     1.3.0
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── Conflicts ────────────────────────────────────────── tidyverse_conflicts() ──
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library(styler)

Display your machine memory.

memuse::Sys.meminfo()

Totalram:   16.000 GiB 
Freeram:   744.094 MiB 

In this exercise, we use tidyverse (ggplot2, dplyr, etc) to explore the MIMIC-IV data introduced in homework 1 and to build a cohort of ICU stays.

Q1. Visualizing patient trajectory

Visualizing a patient’s encounters in a health care system is a common task in clinical data analysis. In this question, we will visualize a patient’s ADT (admission-discharge-transfer) history and ICU vitals in the MIMIC-IV data.

Q1.1 ADT history

A patient’s ADT history records the time of admission, discharge, and transfer in the hospital. This figure shows the ADT history of the patient with subject_id 10001217 in the MIMIC-IV data. The x-axis is the calendar time, and the y-axis is the type of event (ADT, lab, procedure). The color of the line segment represents the care unit. The size of the line segment represents whether the care unit is an ICU/CCU. The crosses represent lab events, and the shape of the dots represents the type of procedure. The title of the figure shows the patient’s demographic information and the subtitle shows top 3 diagnoses.

similar visualization for the patient with subject_id 10013310 using ggplot.

Hint: We need to pull information from data files patients.csv.gz, admissions.csv.gz, transfers.csv.gz, labevents.csv.gz, procedures_icd.csv.gz, diagnoses_icd.csv.gz, d_icd_procedures.csv.gz, and d_icd_diagnoses.csv.gz. For the big file labevents.csv.gz, use the Parquet format you generated in Homework 2. For reproducibility, make the Parquet folder labevents_pq available at the current working directory hw3, for example, by a symbolic link. Make your code reproducible.

I have made the labevents parquet file available at current working directory.

sid <- 10013310
sid_adt <- read_csv("~/mimic/hosp/transfers.csv.gz") %>%
  filter(subject_id == sid) %>%
  print(width = Inf)

Rows: 1890972 Columns: 7
── Column specification ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
Delimiter: ","
chr  (2): eventtype, careunit
dbl  (3): subject_id, hadm_id, transfer_id
dttm (2): intime, outtime

ℹ Use `spec()` to retrieve the full column specification for this data.
ℹ Specify the column types or set `show_col_types = FALSE` to quiet this message.

# A tibble: 14 × 7
   subject_id  hadm_id transfer_id eventtype
        <dbl>    <dbl>       <dbl> <chr>    
 1   10013310 21243435    31696219 discharge
 2   10013310 21243435    31736720 ED       
 3   10013310 21243435    33511674 transfer 
 4   10013310 21243435    34848129 transfer 
 5   10013310 21243435    38910974 admit    
 6   10013310 22098926    31651850 transfer 
 7   10013310 22098926    32769810 admit    
 8   10013310 22098926    33278851 transfer 
 9   10013310 22098926    34063502 ED       
10   10013310 22098926    36029206 discharge
11   10013310 27682188    30077870 transfer 
12   10013310 27682188    30444898 discharge
13   10013310 27682188    31203589 admit    
14   10013310 27682188    35160955 ED       
   careunit                                        intime             
   <chr>                                           <dttm>             
 1 <NA>                                            2153-06-05 19:58:00
 2 Emergency Department                            2153-05-26 08:56:00
 3 Medicine/Cardiology                             2153-05-26 16:19:26
 4 Medicine/Cardiology                             2153-05-26 14:42:55
 5 Medicine/Cardiology                             2153-05-26 14:18:39
 6 Neuro Intermediate                              2153-06-12 16:31:33
 7 Neuro Surgical Intensive Care Unit (Neuro SICU) 2153-06-10 11:55:42
 8 Medicine                                        2153-06-16 19:03:14
 9 Emergency Department                            2153-06-10 10:40:00
10 <NA>                                            2153-07-21 18:02:28
11 Medicine/Cardiology                             2153-05-07 20:47:19
12 <NA>                                            2153-05-13 15:36:52
13 Coronary Care Unit (CCU)                        2153-05-06 18:28:00
14 Emergency Department                            2153-05-06 10:21:00
   outtime            
   <dttm>             
 1 NA                 
 2 2153-05-26 14:18:39
 3 2153-06-05 19:58:00
 4 2153-05-26 16:19:26
 5 2153-05-26 14:42:55
 6 2153-06-16 19:03:14
 7 2153-06-12 16:31:33
 8 2153-07-21 18:02:28
 9 2153-06-10 11:55:42
10 NA                 
11 2153-05-13 15:36:52
12 NA                 
13 2153-05-07 20:47:19
14 2153-05-06 18:28:00

sid_lab <- arrow::open_dataset("labevents_pq", format = "parquet") %>%
  dplyr::filter(subject_id %in% sid) %>%
  collect() %>%
  print(width = Inf)

# A tibble: 2,285 × 16
   labevent_id subject_id hadm_id specimen_id itemid order_provider_id
         <int>      <int>   <int>       <int>  <int> <chr>            
 1      153564   10013310      NA     4841989  50887 ""               
 2      153565   10013310      NA     8958046  50934 ""               
 3      153566   10013310      NA     8958046  50947 ""               
 4      153567   10013310      NA     8958046  51003 ""               
 5      153568   10013310      NA     8958046  51678 ""               
 6      153569   10013310      NA    10682517  50933 ""               
 7      153570   10013310      NA    11713499  51133 ""               
 8      153571   10013310      NA    11713499  51146 ""               
 9      153572   10013310      NA    11713499  51200 ""               
10      153573   10013310      NA    11713499  51221 ""               
   charttime           storetime          
   <dttm>              <dttm>             
 1 2153-05-06 03:30:00 NA                 
 2 2153-05-06 03:30:00 2153-05-06 04:22:00
 3 2153-05-06 03:30:00 2153-05-06 04:22:00
 4 2153-05-06 03:30:00 2153-05-06 04:41:00
 5 2153-05-06 03:30:00 2153-05-06 04:22:00
 6 2153-05-06 03:30:00 NA                 
 7 2153-05-06 03:30:00 2153-05-06 04:09:00
 8 2153-05-06 03:30:00 2153-05-06 04:09:00
 9 2153-05-06 03:30:00 2153-05-06 04:09:00
10 2153-05-06 03:30:00 2153-05-06 04:09:00
   value                                    valuenum valueuom ref_range_lower
   <chr>                                       <dbl> <chr>              <dbl>
 1 HOLD.  DISCARD GREATER THAN 24 HRS OLD.     NA    ""                  NA  
 2 5                                            5    ""                  NA  
 3 2                                            2    ""                  NA  
 4 ___                                          2.97 "ng/mL"              0  
 5 14                                          14    ""                  NA  
 6 HOLD.  DISCARD GREATER THAN 4 HOURS OLD.    NA    ""                  NA  
 7 1.90                                         1.9  "K/uL"               1.2
 8 0.2                                          0.2  "%"                  0  
 9 0.1                                          0.1  "%"                  1  
10 32.5                                        32.5  "%"                 34  
   ref_range_upper flag       priority comments
             <dbl> <chr>      <chr>    <chr>   
 1           NA    ""         STAT     "___"   
 2           NA    ""         STAT     ""      
 3           NA    ""         STAT     ""      
 4            0.01 "abnormal" STAT     "___"   
 5           NA    ""         STAT     ""      
 6           NA    ""         STAT     "___"   
 7            3.7  ""         STAT     ""      
 8            1    ""         STAT     ""      
 9            7    "abnormal" STAT     ""      
10           45    "abnormal" STAT     ""      
# ℹ 2,275 more rows

sid_Proc <- read_csv("~/mimic/hosp/procedures_icd.csv.gz") %>%
  filter(subject_id == sid) %>%
  print(width = Inf)

Rows: 669186 Columns: 6
── Column specification ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
Delimiter: ","
chr  (1): icd_code
dbl  (4): subject_id, hadm_id, seq_num, icd_version
date (1): chartdate

ℹ Use `spec()` to retrieve the full column specification for this data.
ℹ Specify the column types or set `show_col_types = FALSE` to quiet this message.

# A tibble: 9 × 6
  subject_id  hadm_id seq_num chartdate  icd_code icd_version
       <dbl>    <dbl>   <dbl> <date>     <chr>          <dbl>
1   10013310 21243435       1 2153-05-27 4A023N7           10
2   10013310 21243435       2 2153-05-27 B2111ZZ           10
3   10013310 21243435       3 2153-05-27 B241ZZ3           10
4   10013310 22098926       1 2153-06-10 03CG3ZZ           10
5   10013310 22098926       2 2153-06-10 3E05317           10
6   10013310 22098926       3 2153-07-15 0DH63UZ           10
7   10013310 22098926       4 2153-06-11 3E0G76Z           10
8   10013310 27682188       1 2153-05-06 027034Z           10
9   10013310 27682188       2 2153-05-06 B211YZZ           10

sid_patient <- read_csv("~/mimic/hosp/patients.csv.gz") %>%
  filter(subject_id == sid) %>%
  print(width = Inf)

Rows: 299712 Columns: 6
── Column specification ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
Delimiter: ","
chr  (2): gender, anchor_year_group
dbl  (3): subject_id, anchor_age, anchor_year
date (1): dod

ℹ Use `spec()` to retrieve the full column specification for this data.
ℹ Specify the column types or set `show_col_types = FALSE` to quiet this message.

# A tibble: 1 × 6
  subject_id gender anchor_age anchor_year anchor_year_group dod       
       <dbl> <chr>       <dbl>       <dbl> <chr>             <date>    
1   10013310 F              70        2153 2017 - 2019       2153-11-19

sid_admission <- read_csv("~/mimic/hosp/admissions.csv.gz") %>%
  filter(subject_id == sid) %>%
  print(width = Inf)

Rows: 431231 Columns: 16
── Column specification ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
Delimiter: ","
chr  (8): admission_type, admit_provider_id, admission_location, discharge_l...
dbl  (3): subject_id, hadm_id, hospital_expire_flag
dttm (5): admittime, dischtime, deathtime, edregtime, edouttime

ℹ Use `spec()` to retrieve the full column specification for this data.
ℹ Specify the column types or set `show_col_types = FALSE` to quiet this message.

# A tibble: 3 × 16
  subject_id  hadm_id admittime           dischtime           deathtime
       <dbl>    <dbl> <dttm>              <dttm>              <dttm>   
1   10013310 21243435 2153-05-26 14:18:00 2153-06-05 19:30:00 NA       
2   10013310 22098926 2153-06-10 11:55:00 2153-07-21 18:00:00 NA       
3   10013310 27682188 2153-05-06 18:03:00 2153-05-13 13:45:00 NA       
  admission_type    admit_provider_id admission_location       
  <chr>             <chr>             <chr>                    
1 OBSERVATION ADMIT P78TNY            INFORMATION NOT AVAILABLE
2 OBSERVATION ADMIT P09IS0            INFORMATION NOT AVAILABLE
3 URGENT            P89ZCW            TRANSFER FROM HOSPITAL   
  discharge_location       insurance language marital_status race         
  <chr>                    <chr>     <chr>    <chr>          <chr>        
1 HOME HEALTH CARE         Medicare  ?        SINGLE         BLACK/AFRICAN
2 SKILLED NURSING FACILITY Medicare  ?        SINGLE         BLACK/AFRICAN
3 HOME HEALTH CARE         Medicare  ?        SINGLE         BLACK/AFRICAN
  edregtime           edouttime           hospital_expire_flag
  <dttm>              <dttm>                             <dbl>
1 2153-05-26 08:56:00 2153-05-26 16:33:00                    0
2 2153-06-10 10:40:00 2153-06-10 11:25:00                    0
3 2153-05-06 10:21:00 2153-05-06 18:28:00                    0

sid_Proc2 <- read_csv("~/mimic/hosp/d_icd_procedures.csv.gz") %>%
  print(width = Inf)

Rows: 85257 Columns: 3
── Column specification ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
Delimiter: ","
chr (2): icd_code, long_title
dbl (1): icd_version

ℹ Use `spec()` to retrieve the full column specification for this data.
ℹ Specify the column types or set `show_col_types = FALSE` to quiet this message.

# A tibble: 85,257 × 3
   icd_code icd_version
   <chr>          <dbl>
 1 0001               9
 2 0002               9
 3 0003               9
 4 0009               9
 5 001               10
 6 0010               9
 7 0011               9
 8 0012               9
 9 0013               9
10 0014               9
   long_title                                                 
   <chr>                                                      
 1 Therapeutic ultrasound of vessels of head and neck         
 2 Therapeutic ultrasound of heart                            
 3 Therapeutic ultrasound of peripheral vascular vessels      
 4 Other therapeutic ultrasound                               
 5 Central Nervous System and Cranial Nerves, Bypass          
 6 Implantation of chemotherapeutic agent                     
 7 Infusion of drotrecogin alfa (activated)                   
 8 Administration of inhaled nitric oxide                     
 9 Injection or infusion of nesiritide                        
10 Injection or infusion of oxazolidinone class of antibiotics
# ℹ 85,247 more rows

sid_dia <- read_csv("~/mimic/hosp/diagnoses_icd.csv.gz") %>%
  filter(subject_id == sid) %>%
  print(width = Inf)

Rows: 4756326 Columns: 5
── Column specification ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
Delimiter: ","
chr (1): icd_code
dbl (4): subject_id, hadm_id, seq_num, icd_version

ℹ Use `spec()` to retrieve the full column specification for this data.
ℹ Specify the column types or set `show_col_types = FALSE` to quiet this message.

# A tibble: 71 × 5
   subject_id  hadm_id seq_num icd_code icd_version
        <dbl>    <dbl>   <dbl> <chr>          <dbl>
 1   10013310 21243435       1 I222              10
 2   10013310 21243435       2 I5023             10
 3   10013310 21243435       3 I428              10
 4   10013310 21243435       4 E1142             10
 5   10013310 21243435       5 E1165             10
 6   10013310 21243435       6 I213              10
 7   10013310 21243435       7 I110              10
 8   10013310 21243435       8 I2510             10
 9   10013310 21243435       9 M25511            10
10   10013310 21243435      10 E785              10
# ℹ 61 more rows

sid_dia2 <- read_csv("~/mimic/hosp/d_icd_diagnoses.csv.gz") %>%
  print(width = Inf)

Rows: 109775 Columns: 3
── Column specification ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
Delimiter: ","
chr (2): icd_code, long_title
dbl (1): icd_version

ℹ Use `spec()` to retrieve the full column specification for this data.
ℹ Specify the column types or set `show_col_types = FALSE` to quiet this message.

# A tibble: 109,775 × 3
   icd_code icd_version long_title                           
   <chr>          <dbl> <chr>                                
 1 0010               9 Cholera due to vibrio cholerae       
 2 0011               9 Cholera due to vibrio cholerae el tor
 3 0019               9 Cholera, unspecified                 
 4 0020               9 Typhoid fever                        
 5 0021               9 Paratyphoid fever A                  
 6 0022               9 Paratyphoid fever B                  
 7 0023               9 Paratyphoid fever C                  
 8 0029               9 Paratyphoid fever, unspecified       
 9 0030               9 Salmonella gastroenteritis           
10 0031               9 Salmonella septicemia                
# ℹ 109,765 more rows

sid_dia_final <- inner_join(sid_dia, sid_dia2, by = "icd_code", "icd_version")

count(sid_dia_final, long_title, sort = TRUE)

# A tibble: 54 × 2
   long_title                                                                  n
   <chr>                                                                   <int>
 1 Acute on chronic systolic (congestive) heart failure                        3
 2 Hyperlipidemia, unspecified                                                 3
 3 Long term (current) use of insulin                                          3
 4 Other chronic pain                                                          3
 5 Atherosclerotic heart disease of native coronary artery without angina…     2
 6 Cardiomyopathy, unspecified                                                 2
 7 Hyperkalemia                                                                2
 8 Hypertensive heart disease with heart failure                               2
 9 Hypotension, unspecified                                                    2
10 Hypovolemia                                                                 2
# ℹ 44 more rows

sid_Proc_final <- inner_join(sid_Proc, sid_Proc2, by = "icd_code", "icd_version")

sid_Proc_final$seq_num <- as.factor(sid_Proc$seq_num)
sid_Proc_final$chartdate <- as.POSIXct(sid_Proc$chartdate)

sid_adt %>%
  filter(eventtype != "discharge") %>%
  ggplot() +
  geom_point(data = sid_Proc_final, aes(x = chartdate, 
                                  y = "Procedure",
                                  shape = long_title)) +
  geom_point(data = sid_lab, aes(x = charttime, 
                                 y = "Lab"), 
             shape = 3) +
  geom_segment(aes(x = intime, 
                   xend = outtime, 
                   y = "ADT", 
                   yend = "ADT",
                   color = careunit,
                   linewidth = str_detect(careunit, "(ICU|CCU)"))) +
              guides(linewidth = FALSE) +
              theme(legend.position = "bottom", legend.box = "vertical") +
              labs(
                x="Calendar Time",
                y="",
                color = "Care Unit",
                shape = "Procedure",
                title = str_c("Patient ",sid, ", ",sid_patient$gender, ", ",sid_patient$anchor_age, " years old, ",sid_admission$race),
                subtitle = "Acute on chronic systolic (congestive) heart failure \nHyperlipidemia, unspecified \nLong term (current) use of insulin\nOther chronic pain"
              ) +
              scale_y_discrete(limits = c("Procedure","Lab","ADT"))

Warning: The `<scale>` argument of `guides()` cannot be `FALSE`. Use "none" instead as
of ggplot2 3.3.4.

Warning: Using linewidth for a discrete variable is not advised.

Warning: The shape palette can deal with a maximum of 6 discrete values because
more than 6 becomes difficult to discriminate; you have 9. Consider
specifying shapes manually if you must have them.

Warning: Removed 3 rows containing missing values (`geom_point()`).

Q1.2 ICU stays

ICU stays are a subset of ADT history. This figure shows the vitals of the patient 10001217 during ICU stays. The x-axis is the calendar time, and the y-axis is the value of the vital. The color of the line represents the type of vital. The facet grid shows the abbreviation of the vital and the stay ID.

Do a similar visualization for the patient 10013310.

I have made the chartevents parquet file available at current working directory.

sid <- 10013310
sid_icu <- read_csv("~/mimic/icu/icustays.csv.gz") %>%
  filter(subject_id == sid) %>%
  print(width = Inf)

Rows: 73181 Columns: 8
── Column specification ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
Delimiter: ","
chr  (2): first_careunit, last_careunit
dbl  (4): subject_id, hadm_id, stay_id, los
dttm (2): intime, outtime

ℹ Use `spec()` to retrieve the full column specification for this data.
ℹ Specify the column types or set `show_col_types = FALSE` to quiet this message.

# A tibble: 2 × 8
  subject_id  hadm_id  stay_id first_careunit                                 
       <dbl>    <dbl>    <dbl> <chr>                                          
1   10013310 22098926 32769810 Neuro Surgical Intensive Care Unit (Neuro SICU)
2   10013310 27682188 31203589 Coronary Care Unit (CCU)                       
  last_careunit            intime              outtime               los
  <chr>                    <dttm>              <dttm>              <dbl>
1 Neuro Intermediate       2153-06-10 11:55:42 2153-06-16 19:03:14  6.30
2 Coronary Care Unit (CCU) 2153-05-06 18:28:00 2153-05-07 20:47:19  1.10

sid_chart <- arrow::open_dataset("chartevents_pq", format = "parquet") %>%
  dplyr::filter(subject_id %in% sid) %>%
  dplyr::filter(itemid %in% c(220045, 220180,220179,223761,220210)) %>%
  collect() %>%
  print(width = Inf)

# A tibble: 549 × 11
   subject_id  hadm_id  stay_id caregiver_id charttime          
        <int>    <int>    <int>        <int> <dttm>             
 1   10013310 22098926 32769810        10285 2153-06-11 01:00:00
 2   10013310 22098926 32769810        10285 2153-06-11 02:00:00
 3   10013310 22098926 32769810        10285 2153-06-11 02:00:00
 4   10013310 22098926 32769810        10285 2153-06-11 02:02:00
 5   10013310 22098926 32769810        10285 2153-06-11 02:02:00
 6   10013310 22098926 32769810        10285 2153-06-12 00:00:00
 7   10013310 22098926 32769810        10285 2153-06-12 00:00:00
 8   10013310 22098926 32769810        10285 2153-06-12 00:03:00
 9   10013310 22098926 32769810        10285 2153-06-12 00:03:00
10   10013310 22098926 32769810        10285 2153-06-12 01:00:00
   storetime           itemid value valuenum valueuom warning
   <dttm>               <int> <chr>    <dbl> <chr>      <int>
 1 2153-06-11 02:25:00 223761 98.8      98.8 °F             0
 2 2153-06-11 02:25:00 220045 113      113   bpm            0
 3 2153-06-11 02:25:00 220210 26        26   insp/min       0
 4 2153-06-11 02:25:00 220179 131      131   mmHg           0
 5 2153-06-11 02:25:00 220180 62        62   mmHg           0
 6 2153-06-12 00:37:00 220045 121      121   bpm            0
 7 2153-06-12 00:37:00 220210 25        25   insp/min       0
 8 2153-06-12 00:37:00 220179 134      134   mmHg           0
 9 2153-06-12 00:37:00 220180 70        70   mmHg           0
10 2153-06-12 00:37:00 223761 99        99   °F             0
# ℹ 539 more rows

merged_data <- inner_join(sid_icu, sid_chart, by = "stay_id")

merged_data$item_label <- factor(merged_data$itemid, 
                                 levels = c('220045', '220180', '220179','220210', '223761'),
                                 labels = c('HR', 
                                            'NBPd', 
                                            'NBPs', 
                                            'RR', 
                                            'Temperature Fahrenheit'))

sid_icu %>%
  ggplot() +
  geom_point(data = merged_data, aes(x = charttime, 
                                    y = valuenum, 
                                    color = factor(itemid),size = 1), 
            size = 1.5) +
  geom_line(data = merged_data, aes(x = charttime, 
                                    y = valuenum, color = factor(itemid))) +
  facet_grid(vars(item_label), vars(stay_id), scales = "free") +
  theme_minimal() +
  labs(
    x = NULL,
    y = NULL,
    color = "Item ID",
    title = str_c("Patient ",sid, " ICU stays - Vitals")
  ) +
  theme(legend.position = "none") +
  scale_x_datetime(date_labels = "%b %d %H:%M", date_breaks = "6 hours")

This is the second way I tried for the same plot.

ggplot(data = merged_data, aes(x = charttime, y = valuenum, group = interaction(item_label, stay_id))) +
  geom_line(aes(color = factor(itemid))) +  
  geom_point(aes(color = factor(itemid))) +  
  facet_grid(item_label ~ stay_id, scales = "free") +
  scale_y_continuous(expand = expansion(mult = c(0.05, 0.1))) +
  theme_minimal() +
  labs(
    x = NULL,
    y = NULL,
    color = NULL,
    title = "Patient 10001217 ICU stays - Vitals"
  ) +
  theme(legend.position = "none") +
  scale_x_datetime(date_labels = "%b %d %H:%M", date_breaks = "6 hours")

Q2. ICU stays

icustays.csv.gz (https://mimic.mit.edu/docs/iv/modules/icu/icustays/) contains data about Intensive Care Units (ICU) stays. The first 10 lines are

zcat < ~/mimic/icu/icustays.csv.gz | head

subject_id,hadm_id,stay_id,first_careunit,last_careunit,intime,outtime,los
10000032,29079034,39553978,Medical Intensive Care Unit (MICU),Medical Intensive Care Unit (MICU),2180-07-23 14:00:00,2180-07-23 23:50:47,0.4102662037037037
10000980,26913865,39765666,Medical Intensive Care Unit (MICU),Medical Intensive Care Unit (MICU),2189-06-27 08:42:00,2189-06-27 20:38:27,0.4975347222222222
10001217,24597018,37067082,Surgical Intensive Care Unit (SICU),Surgical Intensive Care Unit (SICU),2157-11-20 19:18:02,2157-11-21 22:08:00,1.1180324074074075
10001217,27703517,34592300,Surgical Intensive Care Unit (SICU),Surgical Intensive Care Unit (SICU),2157-12-19 15:42:24,2157-12-20 14:27:41,0.9481134259259258
10001725,25563031,31205490,Medical/Surgical Intensive Care Unit (MICU/SICU),Medical/Surgical Intensive Care Unit (MICU/SICU),2110-04-11 15:52:22,2110-04-12 23:59:56,1.338587962962963
10001884,26184834,37510196,Medical Intensive Care Unit (MICU),Medical Intensive Care Unit (MICU),2131-01-11 04:20:05,2131-01-20 08:27:30,9.171817129629629
10002013,23581541,39060235,Cardiac Vascular Intensive Care Unit (CVICU),Cardiac Vascular Intensive Care Unit (CVICU),2160-05-18 10:00:53,2160-05-19 17:33:33,1.3143518518518518
10002155,20345487,32358465,Medical Intensive Care Unit (MICU),Medical Intensive Care Unit (MICU),2131-03-09 21:33:00,2131-03-10 18:09:21,0.8585763888888889
10002155,23822395,33685454,Coronary Care Unit (CCU),Coronary Care Unit (CCU),2129-08-04 12:45:00,2129-08-10 17:02:38,6.178912037037037

Q2.1 Ingestion

Import icustays.csv.gz as a tibble icustays_tble.

icustays_tble <- read_csv("~/mimic/icu/icustays.csv.gz")

Rows: 73181 Columns: 8
── Column specification ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
Delimiter: ","
chr  (2): first_careunit, last_careunit
dbl  (4): subject_id, hadm_id, stay_id, los
dttm (2): intime, outtime

ℹ Use `spec()` to retrieve the full column specification for this data.
ℹ Specify the column types or set `show_col_types = FALSE` to quiet this message.

Q2.2 Summary and visualization

How many unique subject_id? Can a subject_id have multiple ICU stays? Summarize the number of ICU stays per subject_id by graphs.

Answer There are 50920 unique subject_id. A subject_id can have multiple ICU stays. The distribution of ICU stays per subject_id is shown in the histogram below.

num_unique_subjects <- icustays_tble %>% 
  summarise(n_unique_subjects = n_distinct(subject_id))

print(num_unique_subjects)

# A tibble: 1 × 1
  n_unique_subjects
              <int>
1             50920

icu_stays_per_subject <- icustays_tble %>%
  group_by(subject_id) %>%
  summarise(n_icu_stays = n()) %>%
  ungroup()

print(head(icu_stays_per_subject, n = 10))

# A tibble: 10 × 2
   subject_id n_icu_stays
        <dbl>       <int>
 1   10000032           1
 2   10000980           1
 3   10001217           2
 4   10001725           1
 5   10001884           1
 6   10002013           1
 7   10002155           3
 8   10002348           1
 9   10002428           4
10   10002430           1

ggplot(icu_stays_per_subject, aes(x = n_icu_stays)) +
  geom_histogram(binwidth = 1, fill = "blue", color = "black") +
  labs(title = "Distribution of ICU Stays per Subject",
       x = "Number of ICU Stays",
       y = "Count of Subjects") +
  theme_minimal()

Q3. admissions data

Information of the patients admitted into hospital is available in admissions.csv.gz. See https://mimic.mit.edu/docs/iv/modules/hosp/admissions/ for details of each field in this file. The first 10 lines are

zcat < ~/mimic/hosp/admissions.csv.gz | head

subject_id,hadm_id,admittime,dischtime,deathtime,admission_type,admit_provider_id,admission_location,discharge_location,insurance,language,marital_status,race,edregtime,edouttime,hospital_expire_flag
10000032,22595853,2180-05-06 22:23:00,2180-05-07 17:15:00,,URGENT,P874LG,TRANSFER FROM HOSPITAL,HOME,Other,ENGLISH,WIDOWED,WHITE,2180-05-06 19:17:00,2180-05-06 23:30:00,0
10000032,22841357,2180-06-26 18:27:00,2180-06-27 18:49:00,,EW EMER.,P09Q6Y,EMERGENCY ROOM,HOME,Medicaid,ENGLISH,WIDOWED,WHITE,2180-06-26 15:54:00,2180-06-26 21:31:00,0
10000032,25742920,2180-08-05 23:44:00,2180-08-07 17:50:00,,EW EMER.,P60CC5,EMERGENCY ROOM,HOSPICE,Medicaid,ENGLISH,WIDOWED,WHITE,2180-08-05 20:58:00,2180-08-06 01:44:00,0
10000032,29079034,2180-07-23 12:35:00,2180-07-25 17:55:00,,EW EMER.,P30KEH,EMERGENCY ROOM,HOME,Medicaid,ENGLISH,WIDOWED,WHITE,2180-07-23 05:54:00,2180-07-23 14:00:00,0
10000068,25022803,2160-03-03 23:16:00,2160-03-04 06:26:00,,EU OBSERVATION,P51VDL,EMERGENCY ROOM,,Other,ENGLISH,SINGLE,WHITE,2160-03-03 21:55:00,2160-03-04 06:26:00,0
10000084,23052089,2160-11-21 01:56:00,2160-11-25 14:52:00,,EW EMER.,P6957U,WALK-IN/SELF REFERRAL,HOME HEALTH CARE,Medicare,ENGLISH,MARRIED,WHITE,2160-11-20 20:36:00,2160-11-21 03:20:00,0
10000084,29888819,2160-12-28 05:11:00,2160-12-28 16:07:00,,EU OBSERVATION,P63AD6,PHYSICIAN REFERRAL,,Medicare,ENGLISH,MARRIED,WHITE,2160-12-27 18:32:00,2160-12-28 16:07:00,0
10000108,27250926,2163-09-27 23:17:00,2163-09-28 09:04:00,,EU OBSERVATION,P38XXV,EMERGENCY ROOM,,Other,ENGLISH,SINGLE,WHITE,2163-09-27 16:18:00,2163-09-28 09:04:00,0
10000117,22927623,2181-11-15 02:05:00,2181-11-15 14:52:00,,EU OBSERVATION,P2358X,EMERGENCY ROOM,,Other,ENGLISH,DIVORCED,WHITE,2181-11-14 21:51:00,2181-11-15 09:57:00,0

Q3.1 Ingestion

Import admissions.csv.gz as a tibble admissions_tble.

admissions_tble <- read_csv("~/mimic/hosp/admissions.csv.gz")

Rows: 431231 Columns: 16
── Column specification ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
Delimiter: ","
chr  (8): admission_type, admit_provider_id, admission_location, discharge_l...
dbl  (3): subject_id, hadm_id, hospital_expire_flag
dttm (5): admittime, dischtime, deathtime, edregtime, edouttime

ℹ Use `spec()` to retrieve the full column specification for this data.
ℹ Specify the column types or set `show_col_types = FALSE` to quiet this message.

Q3.2 Summary and visualization

Summarize the following information by graphics and explain any patterns you see.

• number of admissions per patient
  
• admission hour (anything unusual?)
  
• admission minute (anything unusual?)
  
• length of hospital stay (from admission to discharge) (anything unusual?)

According to the MIMIC-IV documentation,

All dates in the database have been shifted to protect patient confidentiality. Dates will be internally consistent for the same patient, but randomly distributed in the future. Dates of birth which occur in the present time are not true dates of birth. Furthermore, dates of birth which occur before the year 1900 occur if the patient is older than 89. In these cases, the patient’s age at their first admission has been fixed to 300.

num_admissions_per_patient <- admissions_tble %>%
  group_by(subject_id) %>%
  summarise(n_admissions = n()) %>%
  ungroup()

ggplot(num_admissions_per_patient, aes(x = n_admissions)) +
  geom_histogram(binwidth = 1, fill = "blue", color = "black") +
  labs(title = "Distribution of Admissions per Patient",
       x = "Number of Admissions",
       y = "Count of Subjects") +
  theme_minimal() +
  xlim(0, 100)

Warning: Removed 6 rows containing non-finite values (`stat_bin()`).

Warning: Removed 2 rows containing missing values (`geom_bar()`).

admissions_tble %>%
  mutate(admittime = as.POSIXct(admittime)) %>%
  ggplot(aes(x = hour(admittime))) +
  geom_histogram(binwidth = 1, fill = "blue", color = "black") +
  labs(title = "Distribution of Admission Hour",
       x = "Hour of Admission",
       y = "Count of Admissions") +
  theme_minimal()

admissions_tble %>%
  mutate(admittime = as.POSIXct(admittime)) %>%
  ggplot(aes(x = minute(admittime))) +
  geom_histogram(binwidth = 1, fill = "blue", color = "black") +
  labs(title = "Distribution of Admission Minute",
       x = "Minute of Admission",
       y = "Count of Admissions") +
  theme_minimal()

admissions_tble <- admissions_tble %>%
  mutate(length_of_stay = as.numeric(dischtime - admittime, units = "days"))

ggplot(admissions_tble, aes(x = length_of_stay)) +
  geom_histogram(fill = "red", color = "blue", binwidth = 1) +
  labs(title = "Length of Hospital Stay",
       x = "Days",
       y = "Frequency") +
  theme_minimal() +
  xlim(0, 100)

Warning: Removed 290 rows containing non-finite values (`stat_bin()`).

Warning: Removed 2 rows containing missing values (`geom_bar()`).

Answer It looks like the majority of patients have only one admission. The distribution of admission hour looks like there are more people greater than 13 and a little peak at 6. The distribution of length of hospital stay is right-skewed, with most patients staying for less than 30 days.

Q4. patients data

Patient information is available in patients.csv.gz. See https://mimic.mit.edu/docs/iv/modules/hosp/patients/ for details of each field in this file. The first 10 lines are

zcat < ~/mimic/hosp/patients.csv.gz | head

subject_id,gender,anchor_age,anchor_year,anchor_year_group,dod
10000032,F,52,2180,2014 - 2016,2180-09-09
10000048,F,23,2126,2008 - 2010,
10000068,F,19,2160,2008 - 2010,
10000084,M,72,2160,2017 - 2019,2161-02-13
10000102,F,27,2136,2008 - 2010,
10000108,M,25,2163,2014 - 2016,
10000115,M,24,2154,2017 - 2019,
10000117,F,48,2174,2008 - 2010,
10000178,F,59,2157,2017 - 2019,

Q4.1 Ingestion

Import patients.csv.gz (https://mimic.mit.edu/docs/iv/modules/hosp/patients/) as a tibble patients_tble.

patients_tble <- read_csv("~/mimic/hosp/patients.csv.gz")

Rows: 299712 Columns: 6
── Column specification ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
Delimiter: ","
chr  (2): gender, anchor_year_group
dbl  (3): subject_id, anchor_age, anchor_year
date (1): dod

ℹ Use `spec()` to retrieve the full column specification for this data.
ℹ Specify the column types or set `show_col_types = FALSE` to quiet this message.

Q4.2 Summary and visualization

Summarize variables gender and anchor_age by graphics, and explain any patterns you see.

ggplot(patients_tble, aes(x = gender)) +
  geom_bar(fill = "turquoise", color = "black") +
  labs(title = "Distribution of Gender in Patients",
       x = "Gender",
       y = "Count") +
  theme_minimal()

ggplot(patients_tble, aes(x = anchor_age)) +
  geom_histogram(fill = "salmon", color = "black", bins = 30) +
  labs(title = "Distribution of Anchor Age in Patients",
       x = "Anchor Age",
       y = "Frequency") +
  theme_minimal()

Answer The distribution of gender shows that there are more female patients and the distribution of anchor age is approximate normal distribute on 60 and have some peak values at age lower than 25.

Q5. Lab results

labevents.csv.gz (https://mimic.mit.edu/docs/iv/modules/hosp/labevents/) contains all laboratory measurements for patients. The first 10 lines are

zcat < ~/mimic/hosp/labevents.csv.gz | head

labevent_id,subject_id,hadm_id,specimen_id,itemid,order_provider_id,charttime,storetime,value,valuenum,valueuom,ref_range_lower,ref_range_upper,flag,priority,comments
1,10000032,,45421181,51237,P28Z0X,2180-03-23 11:51:00,2180-03-23 15:15:00,1.4,1.4,,0.9,1.1,abnormal,ROUTINE,
2,10000032,,45421181,51274,P28Z0X,2180-03-23 11:51:00,2180-03-23 15:15:00,___,15.1,sec,9.4,12.5,abnormal,ROUTINE,VERIFIED.
3,10000032,,52958335,50853,P28Z0X,2180-03-23 11:51:00,2180-03-25 11:06:00,___,15,ng/mL,30,60,abnormal,ROUTINE,NEW ASSAY IN USE ___: DETECTS D2 AND D3 25-OH ACCURATELY.
4,10000032,,52958335,50861,P28Z0X,2180-03-23 11:51:00,2180-03-23 16:40:00,102,102,IU/L,0,40,abnormal,ROUTINE,
5,10000032,,52958335,50862,P28Z0X,2180-03-23 11:51:00,2180-03-23 16:40:00,3.3,3.3,g/dL,3.5,5.2,abnormal,ROUTINE,
6,10000032,,52958335,50863,P28Z0X,2180-03-23 11:51:00,2180-03-23 16:40:00,109,109,IU/L,35,105,abnormal,ROUTINE,
7,10000032,,52958335,50864,P28Z0X,2180-03-23 11:51:00,2180-03-23 16:40:00,___,8,ng/mL,0,8.7,,ROUTINE,MEASURED BY ___.
8,10000032,,52958335,50868,P28Z0X,2180-03-23 11:51:00,2180-03-23 16:40:00,12,12,mEq/L,8,20,,ROUTINE,
9,10000032,,52958335,50878,P28Z0X,2180-03-23 11:51:00,2180-03-23 16:40:00,143,143,IU/L,0,40,abnormal,ROUTINE,

d_labitems.csv.gz (https://mimic.mit.edu/docs/iv/modules/hosp/d_labitems/) is the dictionary of lab measurements.

zcat < ~/mimic/hosp/d_labitems.csv.gz | head

itemid,label,fluid,category
50801,Alveolar-arterial Gradient,Blood,Blood Gas
50802,Base Excess,Blood,Blood Gas
50803,"Calculated Bicarbonate, Whole Blood",Blood,Blood Gas
50804,Calculated Total CO2,Blood,Blood Gas
50805,Carboxyhemoglobin,Blood,Blood Gas
50806,"Chloride, Whole Blood",Blood,Blood Gas
50808,Free Calcium,Blood,Blood Gas
50809,Glucose,Blood,Blood Gas
50810,"Hematocrit, Calculated",Blood,Blood Gas

We are interested in the lab measurements of creatinine (50912), potassium (50971), sodium (50983), chloride (50902), bicarbonate (50882), hematocrit (51221), white blood cell count (51301), and glucose (50931). Retrieve a subset of labevents.csv.gz that only containing these items for the patients in icustays_tble. Further restrict to the last available measurement (by storetime) before the ICU stay. The final labevents_tble should have one row per ICU stay and columns for each lab measurement.

Hint: Use the Parquet format you generated in Homework 2. For reproducibility, make labevents_pq folder available at the current working directory hw3, for example, by a symbolic link.

d_labitems_tble <- read_csv("~/mimic/hosp/d_labitems.csv.gz")

Rows: 1622 Columns: 4
── Column specification ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
Delimiter: ","
chr (3): label, fluid, category
dbl (1): itemid

ℹ Use `spec()` to retrieve the full column specification for this data.
ℹ Specify the column types or set `show_col_types = FALSE` to quiet this message.

lab_itemids <- c(50912, 50971, 50983, 50902, 50882, 51221, 51301, 50931)
d_labitems_filtered <- filter(d_labitems_tble, itemid %in% lab_itemids) %>%
  collect()

labevents_filtered <- arrow::open_dataset("labevents_pq", format = "parquet") %>%
  select(subject_id, itemid, valuenum, storetime) %>%
  filter(itemid %in% lab_itemids) %>%      
  filter(subject_id %in% icustays_tble$subject_id) %>%
  collect() 

labevents_final <- labevents_filtered %>%
  left_join(icustays_tble, by = "subject_id") %>%
  group_by(subject_id, stay_id, itemid) %>%
  filter(storetime < intime) %>%
  arrange(storetime,.by_group = TRUE) %>%
  slice_tail(n = 1) %>%
  ungroup() %>%
  select(subject_id, stay_id, itemid, valuenum) %>%
  left_join(d_labitems_filtered , by = "itemid")

Warning in left_join(., icustays_tble, by = "subject_id"): Detected an unexpected many-to-many relationship between `x` and `y`.
ℹ Row 845 of `x` matches multiple rows in `y`.
ℹ Row 1 of `y` matches multiple rows in `x`.
ℹ If a many-to-many relationship is expected, set `relationship =
  "many-to-many"` to silence this warning.

labevents_tble <- labevents_final %>%
  select(subject_id, stay_id, label, valuenum) %>%
  pivot_wider(names_from = label, values_from = valuenum)
labevents_tble

# A tibble: 68,467 × 10
   subject_id  stay_id Bicarbonate Chloride Creatinine Glucose Potassium Sodium
        <dbl>    <dbl>       <dbl>    <dbl>      <dbl>   <dbl>     <dbl>  <dbl>
 1   10000032 39553978          25       95        0.7     102       6.7    126
 2   10000980 39765666          21      109        2.3      89       3.9    144
 3   10001217 34592300          30      104        0.5      87       4.1    142
 4   10001217 37067082          22      108        0.6     112       4.2    142
 5   10001725 31205490          NA       98       NA        NA       4.1    139
 6   10001884 37510196          30       88        1.1     141       4.5    130
 7   10002013 39060235          24      102        0.9     288       3.5    137
 8   10002155 31090461          23       98        2.8     117       4.9    135
 9   10002155 32358465          26       85        1.4     133       5.7    120
10   10002155 33685454          24      105        1.1     138       4.6    139
# ℹ 68,457 more rows
# ℹ 2 more variables: Hematocrit <dbl>, `White Blood Cells` <dbl>

Q6. Vitals from charted events

chartevents.csv.gz (https://mimic.mit.edu/docs/iv/modules/icu/chartevents/) contains all the charted data available for a patient. During their ICU stay, the primary repository of a patient’s information is their electronic chart. The itemid variable indicates a single measurement type in the database. The value variable is the value measured for itemid. The first 10 lines of chartevents.csv.gz are

zcat < ~/mimic/icu/chartevents.csv.gz | head

subject_id,hadm_id,stay_id,caregiver_id,charttime,storetime,itemid,value,valuenum,valueuom,warning
10000032,29079034,39553978,47007,2180-07-23 21:01:00,2180-07-23 22:15:00,220179,82,82,mmHg,0
10000032,29079034,39553978,47007,2180-07-23 21:01:00,2180-07-23 22:15:00,220180,59,59,mmHg,0
10000032,29079034,39553978,47007,2180-07-23 21:01:00,2180-07-23 22:15:00,220181,63,63,mmHg,0
10000032,29079034,39553978,47007,2180-07-23 22:00:00,2180-07-23 22:15:00,220045,94,94,bpm,0
10000032,29079034,39553978,47007,2180-07-23 22:00:00,2180-07-23 22:15:00,220179,85,85,mmHg,0
10000032,29079034,39553978,47007,2180-07-23 22:00:00,2180-07-23 22:15:00,220180,55,55,mmHg,0
10000032,29079034,39553978,47007,2180-07-23 22:00:00,2180-07-23 22:15:00,220181,62,62,mmHg,0
10000032,29079034,39553978,47007,2180-07-23 22:00:00,2180-07-23 22:15:00,220210,20,20,insp/min,0
10000032,29079034,39553978,47007,2180-07-23 22:00:00,2180-07-23 22:15:00,220277,95,95,%,0

d_items.csv.gz (https://mimic.mit.edu/docs/iv/modules/icu/d_items/) is the dictionary for the itemid in chartevents.csv.gz.

zcat < ~/mimic/icu/d_items.csv.gz | head

itemid,label,abbreviation,linksto,category,unitname,param_type,lownormalvalue,highnormalvalue
220001,Problem List,Problem List,chartevents,General,,Text,,
220003,ICU Admission date,ICU Admission date,datetimeevents,ADT,,Date and time,,
220045,Heart Rate,HR,chartevents,Routine Vital Signs,bpm,Numeric,,
220046,Heart rate Alarm - High,HR Alarm - High,chartevents,Alarms,bpm,Numeric,,
220047,Heart Rate Alarm - Low,HR Alarm - Low,chartevents,Alarms,bpm,Numeric,,
220048,Heart Rhythm,Heart Rhythm,chartevents,Routine Vital Signs,,Text,,
220050,Arterial Blood Pressure systolic,ABPs,chartevents,Routine Vital Signs,mmHg,Numeric,90,140
220051,Arterial Blood Pressure diastolic,ABPd,chartevents,Routine Vital Signs,mmHg,Numeric,60,90
220052,Arterial Blood Pressure mean,ABPm,chartevents,Routine Vital Signs,mmHg,Numeric,,

We are interested in the vitals for ICU patients: heart rate (220045), systolic non-invasive blood pressure (220179), diastolic non-invasive blood pressure (220180), body temperature in Fahrenheit (223761), and respiratory rate (220210). Retrieve a subset of chartevents.csv.gz only containing these items for the patients in icustays_tble. Further restrict to the first vital measurement within the ICU stay. The final chartevents_tble should have one row per ICU stay and columns for each vital measurement.

Hint: Use the Parquet format you generated in Homework 2. For reproducibility, make chartevents_pq folder available at the current working directory, for example, by a symbolic link.

d_items_tble <- read_csv("~/mimic/icu/d_items.csv.gz")

Rows: 4014 Columns: 9
── Column specification ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
Delimiter: ","
chr (6): label, abbreviation, linksto, category, unitname, param_type
dbl (3): itemid, lownormalvalue, highnormalvalue

ℹ Use `spec()` to retrieve the full column specification for this data.
ℹ Specify the column types or set `show_col_types = FALSE` to quiet this message.

vital_itemids <- c(220045, 220179, 220180, 223761, 220210)
d_items_filtered <- filter(d_items_tble, itemid %in% vital_itemids) %>%
  collect()

chartevents_filtered <- arrow::open_dataset("chartevents_pq", format = "parquet") %>%
  filter(itemid %in% vital_itemids) %>%      
  filter(subject_id %in% icustays_tble$subject_id) %>%
  collect() 

chartevents_final <- chartevents_filtered %>%
  left_join(icustays_tble, by = c("subject_id", "stay_id")) %>%
  group_by(subject_id, stay_id, itemid) %>%
  slice_min(charttime, n = 1) %>%
  ungroup() %>%
  select(subject_id, stay_id, itemid, valuenum) %>%
  left_join(d_items_filtered, by = "itemid")

chartevents_tble <- chartevents_final %>%
  select(subject_id, stay_id, label, valuenum) %>%
  pivot_wider(names_from = label, values_from = valuenum)
chartevents_tble

# A tibble: 73,164 × 7
   subject_id stay_id `Heart Rate` Non Invasive Blood P…¹ Non Invasive Blood P…²
        <dbl>   <dbl>        <dbl>                  <dbl>                  <dbl>
 1   10000032  3.96e7           91                     84                     48
 2   10000980  3.98e7           77                    150                     77
 3   10001217  3.46e7           96                    167                     95
 4   10001217  3.71e7           86                    151                     90
 5   10001725  3.12e7           55                     73                     56
 6   10001884  3.75e7           38                    180                     12
 7   10002013  3.91e7           80                    104                     70
 8   10002155  3.11e7           94                    118                     51
 9   10002155  3.24e7           98                    109                     65
10   10002155  3.37e7           68                    126                     61
# ℹ 73,154 more rows
# ℹ abbreviated names: ¹​`Non Invasive Blood Pressure systolic`,
#   ²​`Non Invasive Blood Pressure diastolic`
# ℹ 2 more variables: `Respiratory Rate` <dbl>, `Temperature Fahrenheit` <dbl>

Q7. Putting things together

Let us create a tibble mimic_icu_cohort for all ICU stays, where rows are all ICU stays of adults (age at intime >= 18) and columns contain at least following variables

• all variables in icustays_tble
  
• all variables in admissions_tble
  
• all variables in patients_tble
• the last lab measurements before the ICU stay in labevents_tble
• the first vital measurements during the ICU stay in chartevents_tble

The final mimic_icu_cohort should have one row per ICU stay and columns for each variable.

mimic_icu_cohort <- icustays_tble %>%
  left_join(admissions_tble, by = c("subject_id","hadm_id")) %>%
  left_join(patients_tble, by = "subject_id") %>%
  left_join(labevents_tble, by = c("subject_id","stay_id")) %>%
  left_join(chartevents_tble, by = c("subject_id","stay_id")) %>%
  mutate(age_at_intime = year(intime) - anchor_year + anchor_age) %>%
  filter(age_at_intime >= 18)

mimic_icu_cohort

# A tibble: 73,181 × 42
   subject_id  hadm_id  stay_id first_careunit last_careunit intime             
        <dbl>    <dbl>    <dbl> <chr>          <chr>         <dttm>             
 1   10000032 29079034 39553978 Medical Inten… Medical Inte… 2180-07-23 14:00:00
 2   10000980 26913865 39765666 Medical Inten… Medical Inte… 2189-06-27 08:42:00
 3   10001217 24597018 37067082 Surgical Inte… Surgical Int… 2157-11-20 19:18:02
 4   10001217 27703517 34592300 Surgical Inte… Surgical Int… 2157-12-19 15:42:24
 5   10001725 25563031 31205490 Medical/Surgi… Medical/Surg… 2110-04-11 15:52:22
 6   10001884 26184834 37510196 Medical Inten… Medical Inte… 2131-01-11 04:20:05
 7   10002013 23581541 39060235 Cardiac Vascu… Cardiac Vasc… 2160-05-18 10:00:53
 8   10002155 20345487 32358465 Medical Inten… Medical Inte… 2131-03-09 21:33:00
 9   10002155 23822395 33685454 Coronary Care… Coronary Car… 2129-08-04 12:45:00
10   10002155 28994087 31090461 Medical/Surgi… Medical/Surg… 2130-09-24 00:50:00
# ℹ 73,171 more rows
# ℹ 36 more variables: outtime <dttm>, los <dbl>, admittime <dttm>,
#   dischtime <dttm>, deathtime <dttm>, admission_type <chr>,
#   admit_provider_id <chr>, admission_location <chr>,
#   discharge_location <chr>, insurance <chr>, language <chr>,
#   marital_status <chr>, race <chr>, edregtime <dttm>, edouttime <dttm>,
#   hospital_expire_flag <dbl>, length_of_stay <dbl>, gender <chr>, …

Q8. Exploratory data analysis (EDA)

Summarize the following information about the ICU stay cohort mimic_icu_cohort using appropriate numerics or graphs:

• Length of ICU stay los vs demographic variables (race, insurance, marital_status, gender, age at intime)

• Length of ICU stay los vs the last available lab measurements before ICU stay

• Length of ICU stay los vs the average vital measurements within the first hour of ICU stay

• Length of ICU stay los vs first ICU unit

ggplot(mimic_icu_cohort, aes(x = age_at_intime, y = los)) +
  geom_point(alpha = 0.5) +
  labs(title = "Length of ICU Stay vs Age at intime", x = "Age at ICU Admission", y = "Length of Stay (days)") +
  theme_minimal()

mimic_icu_cohort %>%
  group_by(race) %>%
  summarise(mean_los = mean(los, na.rm = TRUE), .groups = "drop")

# A tibble: 33 × 2
   race                          mean_los
   <chr>                            <dbl>
 1 AMERICAN INDIAN/ALASKA NATIVE     4.46
 2 ASIAN                             3.49
 3 ASIAN - ASIAN INDIAN              4.20
 4 ASIAN - CHINESE                   3.36
 5 ASIAN - KOREAN                    4.23
 6 ASIAN - SOUTH EAST ASIAN          3.04
 7 BLACK/AFRICAN                     3.82
 8 BLACK/AFRICAN AMERICAN            3.28
 9 BLACK/CAPE VERDEAN                3.22
10 BLACK/CARIBBEAN ISLAND            3.61
# ℹ 23 more rows

mimic_icu_cohort %>%
  group_by(insurance) %>%
  summarise(mean_los = mean(los, na.rm = TRUE), .groups = "drop")

# A tibble: 3 × 2
  insurance mean_los
  <chr>        <dbl>
1 Medicaid      3.46
2 Medicare      3.48
3 Other         3.42

mimic_icu_cohort %>%
  group_by(marital_status) %>%
  summarise(mean_los = mean(los, na.rm = TRUE), .groups = "drop")

# A tibble: 5 × 2
  marital_status mean_los
  <chr>             <dbl>
1 DIVORCED           3.39
2 MARRIED            3.46
3 SINGLE             3.40
4 WIDOWED            3.13
5 <NA>               4.28

ggplot(mimic_icu_cohort, aes(x = Bicarbonate, y = los)) +
  geom_point(alpha = 0.5) +
  labs(title = "Length of ICU Stay vs Bicarbonate", x = "Bicarbonate", y = "Length of Stay (days)") +
  theme_minimal()

Warning: Removed 9050 rows containing missing values (`geom_point()`).

ggplot(mimic_icu_cohort, aes(x = Creatinine, y = los)) +
  geom_point(alpha = 0.5) +
  labs(title = "Length of ICU Stay vs Creatinine", x = "Creatinine", y = "Length of Stay (days)") +
  theme_minimal()

Warning: Removed 5770 rows containing missing values (`geom_point()`).

ggplot(mimic_icu_cohort, aes(x = Chloride, y = los)) +
  geom_point(alpha = 0.5) +
  labs(title = "Length of ICU Stay vs Chloride", x = "Chloride", y = "Length of Stay (days)") +
  theme_minimal()

Warning: Removed 8883 rows containing missing values (`geom_point()`).

ggplot(mimic_icu_cohort, aes(x = Glucose, y = los)) +
  geom_point(alpha = 0.5) +
  labs(title = "Length of ICU Stay vs Glucose", x = "Glucose", y = "Length of Stay (days)") +
  theme_minimal()

Warning: Removed 9099 rows containing missing values (`geom_point()`).

ggplot(mimic_icu_cohort, aes(x = Potassium, y = los)) +
  geom_point(alpha = 0.5) +
  labs(title = "Length of ICU Stay vs Potassium", x = "Potassium", y = "Length of Stay (days)") +
  theme_minimal()

Warning: Removed 8901 rows containing missing values (`geom_point()`).

ggplot(mimic_icu_cohort, aes(x = Sodium, y = los)) +
  geom_point(alpha = 0.5) +
  labs(title = "Length of ICU Stay vs Sodium", x = "Sodium", y = "Length of Stay (days)") +
  theme_minimal()

Warning: Removed 8872 rows containing missing values (`geom_point()`).

ggplot(mimic_icu_cohort, aes(x = Hematocrit, y = los)) +
  geom_point(alpha = 0.5) +
  labs(title = "Length of ICU Stay vs Hematocrit", x = "Hematocrit", y = "Length of Stay (days)") +
  theme_minimal()

Warning: Removed 5017 rows containing missing values (`geom_point()`).

ggplot(mimic_icu_cohort, aes(x = mimic_icu_cohort$`White Blood Cells`, y = los)) +
  geom_point(alpha = 0.5) +
  labs(title = "Length of ICU Stay vs White Blood Cells", x = "White Blood Cells", y = "Length of Stay (days)") +
  theme_minimal()

Warning: Use of `` mimic_icu_cohort$`White Blood Cells` `` is discouraged.
ℹ Use `White Blood Cells` instead.

Warning: Removed 5094 rows containing missing values (`geom_point()`).

ggplot(mimic_icu_cohort, aes(x = mimic_icu_cohort$`Heart Rate`, y = los)) +
  geom_point(alpha = 0.5) +
  labs(title = "Length of ICU Stay vs Heart Rate", x = "Heart Rate", y = "Length of Stay (days)") +
  theme_minimal()

Warning: Use of `` mimic_icu_cohort$`Heart Rate` `` is discouraged.
ℹ Use `Heart Rate` instead.

Warning: Removed 18 rows containing missing values (`geom_point()`).

ggplot(mimic_icu_cohort, aes(x = mimic_icu_cohort$`Non Invasive Blood Pressure systolic`, y = los)) +
  geom_point(alpha = 0.5) +
  labs(title = "Length of ICU Stay vs Non Invasive Blood Pressure systolic", x = "Non Invasive Blood Pressure systolic", y = "Length of Stay (days)") +
  theme_minimal()

Warning: Use of `` mimic_icu_cohort$`Non Invasive Blood Pressure systolic` `` is
discouraged.
ℹ Use `Non Invasive Blood Pressure systolic` instead.

Warning: Removed 950 rows containing missing values (`geom_point()`).

ggplot(mimic_icu_cohort, aes(x = mimic_icu_cohort$`Non Invasive Blood Pressure diastolic`, y = los)) +
  geom_point(alpha = 0.5) +
  labs(title = "Length of ICU Stay vs Non Invasive Blood Pressure diastolic", x = "Non Invasive Blood Pressure diastolice", y = "Length of Stay (days)") +
  theme_minimal()

Warning: Use of `` mimic_icu_cohort$`Non Invasive Blood Pressure diastolic` `` is
discouraged.
ℹ Use `Non Invasive Blood Pressure diastolic` instead.

Warning: Removed 953 rows containing missing values (`geom_point()`).

ggplot(mimic_icu_cohort, aes(x = mimic_icu_cohort$`Respiratory Rate`, y = los)) +
  geom_point(alpha = 0.5) +
  labs(title = "Length of ICU Stay vs Respiratory Rate", x = "Respiratory Rate", y = "Length of Stay (days)") +
  theme_minimal()

Warning: Use of `` mimic_icu_cohort$`Respiratory Rate` `` is discouraged.
ℹ Use `Respiratory Rate` instead.

Warning: Removed 91 rows containing missing values (`geom_point()`).

ggplot(mimic_icu_cohort, aes(x = mimic_icu_cohort$`Temperature Fahrenheit`, y = los)) +
  geom_point(alpha = 0.5) +
  labs(title = "Length of ICU Stay vs Temperature Fahrenheit", x = "Temperature Fahrenheit", y = "Length of Stay (days)") +
  theme_minimal()

Warning: Use of `` mimic_icu_cohort$`Temperature Fahrenheit` `` is discouraged.
ℹ Use `Temperature Fahrenheit` instead.

Warning: Removed 1249 rows containing missing values (`geom_point()`).

ggplot(mimic_icu_cohort, aes(x = first_careunit, y = los)) +
  geom_boxplot() +
  labs(title = "Length of ICU Stay vs First ICU Unit", x = "First ICU Unit", y = "Length of Stay (days)") +
  theme_minimal() +
  theme(axis.text.x = element_text(angle = 45, hjust = 1))